Um blogue sobre os movimentos sociais, a ecologia, a contra-cultura, os livros, com uma perspectiva crítica sobre todas as formas de poder (económico, político, etc)
Tomando o Milho como “personagem” principal, este filme fala-nos da influência da tecnologia na maneira e formas de viver das nossas sociedades, no passado, presente e futuro...
Milho” é um documentário da autoria dos cientistas e investigadores Élio Sucena, Ana Larcher Carvalho e Shrikesh Laxmidas com realização de José Barahona. Uma produção FILMES DO TEJO, com co-produção da MPC & Associados (Brasil), financiada pela FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA, PROGRAMA IBERMEDIA e RTP 2. Este documentário lança um olhar sobre a influência transversal da ciência e da tecnologia na nossa história, quotidiano e percurso comum enquanto civilização.
Estamos no limiar de uma nova mudança à escala global com o surgimento da tecnologia dos organismos geneticamente modificados. De que forma pode a história do milho ajudar-nos a descodificar a vasta teia de acontecimentos históricos, sociais, culturais, económicos, científicos e políticos associados ao impacto da ciência e das tecnologias na organização das nossas sociedades?
Será a tecnologia de transgénicos verdadeiramente perigosa para a saúde e para o equilíbrio ecológico? Ou estaremos apenas perante mais uma fase na evolução tecnológica que permitirá reduzir o impacto ambiental, aumentar a produtividade agrícola e erradicar a fome?
Um documentário rodado em Portugal, Estados Unidos, México e Brasil, com entrevistas a peritos internacionais em diversas áreas cientificas e com a participação especial de Custódia Gallego e João Pedro Cary.
Sinopse:
D. Ana prepara uma salada de milho para a sua família. Na televisão as notícias são contraditórias: alguns pregam os benefícios das novas variedades de Milho Transgénico, outros, pelo contrário, levantam questões catastróficas em relação a este novo avanço tecnológico. D. Ana fica sem saber o que é ou não seguro para alimentar a sua família...Mas a história do milho não começou aqui. Ela é parte integrante da forma como evoluíram as nossas civilizações. Tomando o Milho como "personagem" principal, este filme fala-nos da influência da tecnologia na maneira e formas de viver das nossas sociedades, no passado, presente e futuro.
Filo-Café: O Alto 12 Dez 2009, 21h Casa do Campo Vilar de Viando Mondim de Basto
Encontram-se abertas as inscrições para as seguintes áreas: fotografia, teatro, pintura, poesia, pensamento, pequenas-comunicações, audiovisual, música.
Para se inscrever é necessário enviar um mail para incomunidade@gmail.com indicando nome, zona de proveniência e área de intervenção
Neste filo-café far-se-á uma visita histórica ao concelho de Mondim, orientada por António Dinis. A partida terá lugar às 14h30m em frente à Câmara Municipal de Mondim de Basto
Inscritos: henrique dória (poesia, mondim); domingos oliveira (escultura, mondim); amélio (música, mondim), andré queirós (música, mondim), bruno pereira (música, mondim), carlos silva (fotografia, porto), paulo j. mendes (pintura, matosinhos), elisabete pires monteiro (pintura, porto), josé m. silva (pintura, feira), hermínio chaves fernandes (escultura, vilar-boticas), carlos vinagre (poesia, espinho), silvia silva (performance, matosinhos), Banda CorDaRosa (música, celorico de basto), antónio dinis (história, mondim), amilcar mendes (performance, porto), alexandre teixeira mendes (pensamento, porto), iolanda aldrei (poesia, compostela), nelson silva (fotografia, porto), sara rocha (escritos, vila real), aurelino costa (poesia, argivai), vitor dias (pensamento, porto), bruno resende (poesia, aldoar)
Lefteria, de Tiago Afonso 2009 Documentário (30'52'')
Lefteria é sinónimo de liberdade. O documentário foi realizado a partir de imagens recolhidas em Atenas, nos primeiros dias de 2009, nas ruas e em assembleias de estudantes: mantinha-se ainda a revolta que os jornais já remetiam para segundo plano e que pôs a Grécia em estado de sítio durante Dezembro.
The Potentiality of Storming Heaven Grego com legendas em Inglês (28')
Este filme acompanha alguns dos momentos mais quentes de insurreição contra as autoridades, que explodiu nas cidades e vilas gregas, entrevistando participantes, novos e velhos, gregos e imigrantes. Com música de banda-sonora a acompanhar e inspiradores textos citados no ecrã, explica por que é que os Gregos se sentiram tão zangados e indignados. Na noite de 5 para 6 de Dezembro de 2008, o jovem Alexis Grigoropoulos foi baleado mortalmente por um polícia grego. Um ano depois, o Cinema Comunitário persegue-lhe a luta pela liberdade.
A primeira sessão do mês conta com a participação e intervenção de Tiago Afonso, o que certamente desenrolará uma conversa sobre o assunto, que voltou a ser notícia dos jornais.
Mercado Porto Belo Praça Carlos Alberto, 14h às 19h
Todos os sábados, até final de 2009, a Praça de Carlos Alberto ganha uma nova vida com a realização de um mercado baseado no famoso Portobello londrino, dando mais vida ainda à revitalização da Baixa. Aqui pode adquirir discos vinyl, cd’s, antiguidades, roupa vintage, produtos biológicos, etc.
A filósofa Simone Weil, uma mulher de excepção 10 de Dezembro - 17h00 - Mediateca do IFP
Conferência de SYLVIE COURTINE-DENAMY
Sylvie Courtine-Denamy, Docteur en Philosophie de l'Université de Paris IV, est actuellement Chercheur associé au Centre d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine des Juifs et à l’Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes
Spécialiste d’Hannah Arendt qu’elle a d’abord commencé à traduire, elle a consacré plusieurs ouvrages à cette philosophe politique. Très concernée par les problèmes d’identité et de mémoire, elle a obtenu le Prix Alberto Benveniste de la Création en 2002 avec son ouvrage La Maison de Jacob, Paris, Phébus, 2001. Elle s’intéresse prioritairement aux penseurs juifs contemporains, dont notamment: Hans Jonas, Emmanuel Levinas, Leo Strauss et Simone Weil. Son dernier livre de philosophie publié à l’occasion du Centenaire de la naissance de Simone Weil s’intitule Simone Weil. La quête de racines célestes (Paris, Cerf, 2009). Dans ce livre, S. Courtine-Denamy interroge la question du déracinement dont souffrait la philosophe.
Conversa sobre Os labirintos da liberdade de criação nos 250 anos de Friedrich Schiller
14.12.2009, 18.30 horas Goethe-Institut Portugal em Lisboa
Entrada livre
Poucos autores terão defendido a liberdade de criação, numa época e num país não isento de censura e autocensura, como Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805). A sua formação antropológica (como “médico-filósofo”) permitiu-lhe assentar a sua obra poética, dramática, histórica e teórica numa avaliação do ser humano completo na sua complexidade, o que faz dele um autor moderno a descobrir e redescobrir, por exemplo a pretexto dos seus 250 anos.
A conversa será entre Teresa Salema (Presidente do P.E.N. Clube Português) e Joachim Bernauer ( Director do Goethe-Institut Portugal).
ZANG TUMB TUMB è um espectáculo poético e musical sobre a força impetuosa e inovadora do Futurismo, em constante equilíbrio entre tensão dramática e humorismo. Com Claudio Pozzani: voz; Fabio Vernizzi: piano; Riccardo Barbera: contrabaixo e “intonarumori”
O espectáculo ZANG TUMB TUMB visa oferecer um exemplo da produção artística futurista, nos campos da poesia e da música. Lamentavelmente o Futurismo foi alvo de censura cultural a partir do pós-guerra, fazendo esquecer, particularmente no estrangeiro, a sua importância na evolução da arte moderna. O espectáculo reapresenta autores já conhecidos e outros injustamente menos conhecidos, demonstrando como no Futurismo conviviam várias e diferentes formas de expressão.
O Futurismo apesar de ser sobretudo conhecido pela arte figurativa, teve na poesia também um papel fundamental, basta pensar que Marinetti, o seu fundador, era essencialmente um poeta. Contudo, ao lado do experimentalismo mais radical, tal como as palavras em liberdade ou a imaginação ilimitada, que antecipou num decénio o surrealismo, há outros poetas como o irónico Palazzeschi, os sensíveis Cavicchioli e Buzzi ou o tecnológico Farfa que não distorcem a sintaxe, propondo uma poesia linear, quase clássica, mas com enxertos muito inovativos.
A música futurista porém, não produziu grandes composições. Os seus representantes mais famosos, de Balilla Pratella a Casavola, apesar das teorias revolucionárias, limitaram-se a uma música pós-simbolista, perfeitamente em tom e ainda ligada à tradição. Neste espectáculo privilegia-se um compositor, Alfredo Casella, podendo assim oferecer esta parte de criação musical futurista. Os Maestros Vernizzi e Barbera criaram composições escritas propositadamente para este espectáculo, tendo-se inspirado nas partituras de Balilla Pratella, Silvio Mix e Giuntini, demonstrando assim que, de qualquer modo, aquelas soluções harmónicas ainda são actuais.
Todavia, o Futurismo conseguiu trazer para a música uma grande revolução: a arte dos ruídos de Luigi Russolo. Através de instrumentos de invenção própria, os “Intonarumori”, trazia para a música sinfónica os ruídos da estrada, da cidade e das fábricas. Esta intuição está na base da música moderna, desde a música concreta à música electrónica, ao “rumorismo” e à criação de instrumentos electrónicos como os sintetizadores e “campionatori”.
Neste espectáculo tenta-se portanto fundir estas diferentes almas do Futurismo, precisamente para o libertar dos demasiados lugares comuns e clichés.
Informações Data: quarta-feira, 9 de dezembro de 2009 Horários: 19h00 Local: IIC Lisboa Organização: IIC Lisboa Em colaboração com: Instituto de Estudos Italianos - FL Coimbra Entrada livre; lotação máxima: 60 lugares
No mesmo dia 9 de Dezembro será apresentado o nº 4 da Revista Estudos Italianos em Portugal, pela direcção do Istituto Italiano de Cultura de Lisboa e com a colaboração do Instituto de Estudos Italianos da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra. Este novo número contém artigos interessantes, entre os quais lembramos o de Sílvio Castro sobre Leopardi e Fernando Pessoa, o de Giona Tuccini e o de Paulo Lopes.
Na secção “Temas e Debates”, atrigos de Ernesto Rodrigues, mais várias resenções e dois artigos em destaque: o de Maria João Almeida e Giona Tuccini em mémoria de Luciana Stegagno Picchio e o de Manuel Simões em mémoria de Carmen Radulet.
Este ano, por ocasião do centenário da publicação do Manifesto do Futurismo de Filippo Tommaso Martinetti no jornal Le Figaro (20 de Fevereiro de 1909), a revista apresenta um dossiê inteiramente dedicado ao futurismo, coordenado por Gianluca Miraglia. Este dossiê está dividido em duas partes que seguem as linhas guias da nossa revista: a divulgação da cultura italiana junto do publico português e o estudo das relações culturais e históricas entre Itália e Portugal.
O dossiê abre com um artigo de Mariastella Margozzi, historiadora de Arte na “Galleria Nazionale di Arte Moderna di Roma” e comissária da importante exposição “Collezionare il futurismo” que o Instituto Italiano de Cultura de Lisboa inaugura a 16 de Dezembro no Museu da Água.
Acaba de ser editada em 8 volumes pela prestigiada editora Blackwell a Enciclopédia Internacional das Revoluções e do Protesto (The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest) que pretende ser a mais completa base de dados sobre a história das revoluções e dos protestos dos últimos 500 anos, protagonizados pelos mais variados movimentos de massas.
A Enciclopédia de 8 grossos volumes contém textos desenvolvidos sobre movimentos sociais, biografias, ideias e ideologias, assim como os acontecimentos que marcaram o protesto social ao longo da Era Moderna.
Abalone Alliance Abdurahman, Abdullah (1872–1940) Aboriginal/left struggle for land rights Abraham Lincoln Brigade Abu-Jamal, Mumia (b. 1954) ACT UP Addams, Jane (1860–1935) Adorno, Theodor W. (1903–1969) Afghanistan, 1978 Revolution and Islamic Civil War Afghanistan, resistance to 19th-century British invasion African American resistance, Jim Crow era African American resistance, Reconstruction era African Blood Brotherhood Agbekoya Peasant Uprising and Rebellion, 1968–1969 Aggett, Neil (1953–1982) Agitprop Agüeybaná I (d. 1510) and Agüeybaná II (d. 1511) Albania, socialism Albanian nationalism Albizu Campos, Pedro (1891–1965) Alcatraz Uprising and the American Indian Movement Algerian Islamic Salvation Front Algerian National Revolution, 1954–1962 Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana Alinsky, Saul (1909–1972) and the Industrial Areas Foundation Allende Gossens, Salvador (1908–1973) al-Sanusi, Muhammad ibn Ali (ca. 1787–1859) Alves, Margarida Maria (1943–1983) Amana Inspirationist Utopians Ambedkar, B. R. (1891–1956) American Civil War (1861–1864) American Civil War and slavery American Civil War draft riots American left and Howard Zinn (b. 1922) American Revolution of 1776 American slave rebellions Amo, Anton Wilhelm (1703–1759) and Afro-Germans Anabaptist movement Anarchism Anarchism, Argentina Anarchism, Australia Anarchism, Britain Anarchism, Canada Anarchism, Chile Anarchism, China Anarchism and culture, 1840–1939 Anarchism and education Anarchism, Finland Anarchism, France Anarchism and gender Anarchism, Greece Anarchism, Hungary Anarchism, Italy Anarchism, Japan Anarchism, Korea Anarchism, Mexico Anarchism, New Zealand Anarchism, Poland Anarchism, Puerto Rico Anarchism, Russia Anarchism and sabotage Anarchism, Spain Anarchism and syndicalism, Southern Africa Anarchism in the United States to 1945 Anarchism in the United States, 1946–present Anarchocommunism Anarchosyndicalism Andresote and the Revolt against the Guipuzcoana (1731–1733) Angolan national liberation, 1961–1974 Anthony, Susan B. (1820–1906) Anti-apartheid movement, South Africa Anti-Corn Law agitation, Britain, 19th century Anti-fascist People’s Front Anti-Franco worker struggles, 1939–1975 Anti-Japanese boycotts, early 20th century Anti-monarchy protests, Portugal Anti-Napoleonic Wars of Liberation (1813–1815) Anti-nuclear campaign, Britain Anti-nuclear movement, Japan Anti-nuclear protest movements Anti-nuclear protests, Marshall Islands Anti-Racist Action (ARA) Anti-slavery movement, Britain Anti-slavery movement, British, and the black response to colonization Anti-slavery movement, British, and the founding of Sierra Leone Anti-slavery movement, United States, 1700–1870 Anti-Vietnam War movement, Britain Anti-Vietnam War movement, United States Anti-war activism, Yugoslavia, 1990s Anti-war movement, France, 20th century Anti-war movement, Iraq April Revolution, Nepal, 2006 Aptheker, Herbert (1915–2003) Arab left and socialist movements, 1861–1930 Aracaré (d. 1542) Arafat, Yasser (1929–2004), Fatah, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Arbenz, Jacobo Guzmán (1913–1971) Arch, Joseph (1826–1919) Arendt, Hannah (1906–1975) Argentina, armed struggle and guerilla organizations, 1960s–1970s Argentina, general strike (Semana Trágica), 1919 Argentina, general strike, 1975 Argentina, grassroots workers’ movement: Villa Constitución, 1975 Argentina, Grito de Alcorta Peasant Rebellion, 1912 Argentina, human rights movement Argentina, indigenous popular protests Argentina, labor strikes of 1890 and 1902 Argentina, labor unions and protests of the unemployed, 1990s Argentina, piquetero movement Argentina, Semana Roja, 1909 Argentina, social and political protest, 2001–2007 Argentina, socialist and communist workers’ movement Argentina, University Reform, 1918 Argentina, worker actions, October 17, 1945 Argentina, worker strikes in Patagonia, 1920–1921 Aristide, Jean-Bertrand (b. 1953) Armenia, mass protest and popular mobilization, 1980s to present Armenian resistance, 1915 Artigas, Gervasio José (1764–1850) Arundel, Lady Blanche (1583–1649) Assembly of the Poor Asturias Uprising, October 1934 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (1881–1938) Atlantic port seaman resistance, American Revolutionary era ATTAC (Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens) Aung San (1915–1947) Australia, anti-war movement Australia, new social movements Australian aboriginal protests Australian labor movement Australian left Austria, 20th-century protests Austro-Marxism Autonomism Ayim, May (1960–1996) ________________________________________ Babel, Isaac (1894–1941) Babeuf, François-Noël (1760–1797) and the Conspiracy of Equals Bacha-i Sakkao's movement Bacon’s Rebellion Bain, J. T. (1860–1919) Baker, Ella Josephine (1903-1986) Bakunin, Mikhail Alexandrovich (1814–1876) Balkan socialist confederation, 1910–1948 Baltic protests in the 20th century Banana Plantation Worker Rebellion, 1928 Bangladesh, struggle for liberation, 1971 Baraka, Imanu Amiri (b. 1934) Barayi, Elijah (1930–1994) Barbados and the Windward Islands, protest and revolt Barcelona General Strike, 1919 Barzani, Mulla Mustafa al- (1903–1979) Bastille Bauer, Otto (1881–1938) Beauvoir, Simone de (1908–1986) Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770–1827) Begin, Menachem (1913–1992) and the Irgun Belgium, 1959 coal strike Belgium, Strike of the Century, 1960–1961 Belgium, 20th-century political conflict Belize, general strikes, 1952 Belize, national independence movement Ben Bella, Ahmad (b. 1918) Benezet, Anthony (1713–1784) Bengal, popular uprisings and movements in the colonial era Ben-Gurion, David (1866-1973) and the Haganah Benjamin, Walter (1892–1940) Berkeley Free Speech Movement Berkman, Alexander (1870–1936) Berlinguer, Enrico (1922–1984) Bernstein, Eduard (1850–1932) Betances, Ramón Emeterio (1827–1898) Bethune, Henry Norman (1890–1939) Bezerra, Gregório (1900–1983) Biennio Rosso (1919–1920) Biermann, Wolf (b. 1936) Bin Laden, Osama (b. 1957) and al-Qaeda Bishop, Maurice (1944–1983) Black nationalism, 19th and 20th centuries Black Panthers Black September Blake, William (1757–1827) Blanc, Louis (1811–1882) Blanqui, Louis Auguste (1805–1881) Bloch, Marc (1886–1944) Bloody Sunday Demonstration, 1887 Boal, Augusto (b. 1931) Bogotazo and La Violencia Böhm, Hans (also Hans Behem) (1458?–1476) Bolívar, Simón (1783–1830) Bolivarianism, Venezuela Bolivia, protest and repression, 1964–2000 Bolivia, struggle for independence, 1809–1825 Bolivia, War of the Pacific to the National Revolution, 1879–1952 Bolivian neoliberalism, social mobilization, and revolution from below, 2003 and 2005 Bolotnikov’s Rebellion, 1606–1607 Bolsheviks Bonaparte, Louis-Napoleon (1808–1873) Bonaparte, Napoleon (1769–1821) Bonifacio, Andres (1863–1897) Bonus Army Unemployed Movement, 1932 Bordiga, Amadeo (1889–1970) and the Italian Communist Party Borge, Tomás (b. 1936) Bose, Subhas Chandra (1897–1945) Boston Tea Party Botswana, protest and nationalism Bourses du Travail Brand, Adolf (1874–1945) Brandreth, Jeremiah (1790–1817) and the Pentrich Rising Brazil, guerilla movements, 20th century Brazil, labor struggles Brazil, peasant movements and liberation theology Brazil, rebellions from independence to the republic (1700s–1889) Brazil, workers and the left: Partido dos Trabalhadores and Central Única dos Trabalhadores Bread and Puppet Theater Bread riots, Britain, 1795 Bread and Roses Strike Brecht, Bertolt (1898–1956) Brissot, Jacques Pierre (1754–1793) Bristol Riots, 1831 Britain, anti-war movement, 1775–1783 Britain, peasant uprisings, 16th century Britain, post-World War I army mutinies and revolutionary threats Britain, post-World War II political protest Britain, Renaissance-era conflict Britain, strikes, 1905–1926 Britain, trade union movement Britain, women’s suffrage campaign British miners' strike, 1984–1985 Brixton Riots, 1981 Brown, H. Rap (b. 1943) Brown, John (1800–1859) Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich (1888–1938) Bulavin’s Rebellion, 1707–1708 Bulgaria, anti-Soviet movements Bulgaria, independence movement, 1830–1835 Bulgaria, protests against economic hardships, 1990s Bulgaria, 20th-century leftist and workers' movements Bulgaria, World War II resistance and the rise of communism Buonarroti, Philippe (1761–1837) Burdett, Sir Francis (1770–1844) Burkina Faso, Revolution, 1983 Burma, democracy movement Burma, national movement against British colonial rule Burschenschaften Bussa (d. 1816) and the Barbados slave insurrection ________________________________________ Cabanagem of Grão-Pará, Brazil, 1835–1840 Cabañas, Lucio (1938–1974) Cabral, Amilcar (1924–1973) Calvin, John (1509–1564) Cambodia, anti-colonial protests, 1863–1945 Cambodia, communist protests and revolution Cambodia, rebellion against France Camejo, Pedro or Negro Primero (1790–1821) Cameroon, popular anti-colonial protest Camus, Albert (1913–1960) Canada, indigenous resistance Canada, labor protests Canada, law and public protest: history Canada, Rebellion of 1837–1838 Cannon, James P. (1890–1974) and American Trotskyism Canudos, religion and rebellion in 19th-century Brazil Caonabo (d. 1496) Cape Verde, independence struggle Caracazo, 1989 Cardenal, Ernesto (b. 1925) Cárdenas, Lázaro (1895–1970) Caribbean islands, protests against IMF Caribbean protest music Carmichael, Stokely/Kwame Turé (1941–1998) Carney, James Francis "Guadalupe" (1925–1983?) Carson, Rachel (1907–1964) Casa del Obrero Mundial Casement, Roger (1864–1916) Caste war of Yucatan (Guerra de castas en Yucatán) Castoriadis, Cornelius (1922–1997) Castro, Fidel (b. 1926) Catalan protests against centralism Catholic emancipation Catholic Worker movement Cedar Revolution, Lebanon Central America, music and resistance Central Asian protest movements Césaire, Aimé (1913–2008) Chakravartty, Renu (1917–1994) Charismatic leadership and revolution Charter 77 Chartists Charusathira, Prapas (1912–1997) Chávez, César (1927–1993) and the United Farm Workers Chávez, Hugo (b. 1954) Chávez, Hugo and the Bolivarian Revolution, 1998–present Chen Duxiu (1879–1942) Chernov, Victor (1873–1952) Chernyshevsky, Nikolai G. (1828–1889) Chile and the peaceful road to socialism Chile, people’s power Chile, popular resistance against Pinochet Chile, protests and military coup, 1973 Chile, social and political struggles, 1850–1970 Chilembwe, John (1871–1915) Chiluba, Frederick (b. 1943) Chimurenga armed struggles China, Maoism and popular power, 1949–1969 China, May 4th movement China, peasant revolts in the empire China, protest and revolution, 1800–1911 China, student protests, 20th century Chinese Communist Revolution, 1925–1949 Chinese Nationalist Revolution, 1911 Chipko movement Chirinos, José Leonardo (d. 1796) Chissano, Juaquim (b. 1939) Chomsky, Noam (b. 1928) Civil rights movement, United States, 1960–1965 Civil rights, United States, Black Power and backlash, 1965–1978 Civil rights, United States: overview Clarkson, Thomas (1760–1846) Class identity and protest Class, poverty, and revolution Class struggle Clayoquot Sound Cobbett, William (1763–1835) Cocaleros peasant uprising Cochabamba Water Wars Cohn-Bendit, Daniel (b. 1945) Collins, Michael (1890–1922) Colombia, Afro-Colombian movements and anti-racist protests Colombia, anti-war movements, 1990–2008 Colombia, armed insurgency, peasant self-defense, and radical popular movements, 1960s–1970s Colombia, armed insurgency, peasant self-defense, and radical popular movements, 1970s–1990s Colombia, indigenous mobilization Colombia, labor insurrection and the Socialist Revolutionary Party, 1920s–1930s Colombia, Thousand Days’ War, 1899–1902 Colombia, unions, strikes, and anti-neoliberal opposition, 1990–2005 Color revolutions Columbia University civil rights protests Combination Laws and revolutionary trade unionism Commoner, Barry (b. 1917) Communist Manifesto Communist Party of Australia Communist Party, France Communist Party, Germany Communist Party NZ and the New Zealand revolutionary left Communist Party of South Africa, 1921–1950 Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) Comte, Auguste (1798–1857) Comunero movement Concordia University student protests Condorcet, Marquis de (1743–1794) Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) Confédération Générale du Travail and Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire Congo armed insurgency, Mobutu decamps Congo, Brazzaville protest and revolt Congo Crisis, 1960–1965 Congo, Kinshasa protest and revolt Congo, protest and uprisings, 1998–2002 Connolly, James (1868–1916) Cooperative Commonwealth Cop Watch Los Angeles Cordobazo and Rosariazo Uprising, 1969 CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) Cornelissen, Christianus Gerardus (1864–1942) Correa, Rafael (b. 1963) Corsican independence movement COSATU (Congress of South African Trade Unions) Costa, Afonso Augusta da (1871–1937) Costa Rican Civil War and Uprising, 1948 Côte d’Ivoire, post-independence protest Côte d’Ivoire, pre-independence protest and liberation Counterrecruitment Counterrevolution Counterrevolution, France, 1789–1830 Courbet, Gustave (1819–1877) Coxey’s Army and the unemployed movement Crazy Horse (1849–1877), Sitting Bull (1831–1890), and Native American resistance at the Battle of Little Bighorn Cristero uprising, Mexico, 1928 Critical Mass Critical theory Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658) Cuauhtémoc (1502–1525) Cuba, anti-racist movement and the Partido Independiente de Color Cuba, general strikes under Batista regime, 1952–1958 Cuba, struggle for independence from Spain, 1868–1898 Cuba, transition to socialism and government Cuban post-revolutionary protests Cuban Revolution, 1953–1959 Cuban revolutionary government Cuffe, Paul (1759–1817) Curaçao, 1969 uprising Cyprus, protest and revolt Czechoslovakia, resistance to Soviet political and economic rule ________________________________________ Dada Dahomey Women’s Army Dalit liberation struggles Dange, S. A. (1899–1991) Danton, Georges Jacques (1759–1794) Daquilema, Fernando (d. 1872) and the 1871 Uprising, Ecuador Davis, Angela (b. 1944) Davitt, Michael (1846–1906) Day, Dorothy (1897–1980) De Silva, Colvin Reginald (1907–1989) De Valera, Eamon (1882–1975) Debord, Guy (1931–1994) and the Spectacle Debs, Eugene (1855–1926) Decembrists to the rise of Russian Marxism Deleuze, Gilles (1925–1995), Guattari, Félix (1930–1992), and the global justice movement Demerara Slave Rebellion, 1823 Democracy Wall movement, 1979 Deng Xiaoping (1904–1997) Denmark, insurrection and revolt Despard, Colonel Edward Marcus (1751–1803) and the Despard Conspiracy Dessalines, Jean-Jacques (1758–1806) Deutscher, Isaac (1907–1967) Di Vittorio, Giuseppe (1892–1957) Díaz Soto y Gama, Antonio (1880–1967) Dictatorship of the proletariat Diderot, Denis (1713–1784) Dimitrov, Georgi (1882–1949) Directory, France, 1795–1799 Diriangén (1496 or 1497–1530s) Disobbedienti/Tute Bianche Dix, Dorothea (1802–1887) Djilas, Milovan (1911–1995) Dominican Republic, protest and resistance to US imperialism, 1916–1962 Dominican Republic, protests, 1844–1915 Dominican Republic, resistance to military and US invasion, 1963–1965 Douglass, Frederick (1817–1895) Dreyfus Affair Du Bois, W. E. B. (1868–1963) Dubček, Alexander (1921–1992) Dublin General Strike, 1913 Dunayevskaya, Raya (1910–1987) Dunbar, Andrew (1879–1964) Durrani empire, popular protests, 1747–1823 Durruti, Buenaventura (1896–1936) Dutch Caribbean, protest and revolution, 1815–2000 Dutch Revolt, 1568–1648 Dutschke, Rudi (1940–1979) ________________________________________ Earth First! 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Think of it like this: For the past three million years, our planet’s climate has always been in one or the other of two stable states, with small changes in solar radiation providing the energy to push us from one to the other. When we are in this cooler dip, the planet has an ice age; when we are in the warmer one, the planet’s climate is very much as it is now, and has been throughout the whole of human history6.
The problem is that our use of fossil fuels is pushing us further and further out of our little stable dip and up the far slope of this hill. The tipping point is the point at which we cross the peak of the hill, and we no longer need to keep pushing to keep the planet moving towards a much hotter place; it will just keep rolling onwards all on its own. This tipping point exists because of a set of positive feedbacks in the climate systems, mechanisms that can amplify the effects of man-made warming and lead to runaway change.
First, there is the Albedo Effect. White surfaces reflect more solar radiation than dark surfaces, so as global warming from greenhouse gases
melts ice and snow7, it leaves behind dark ocean or land; those surfaces now absorb more solar radiation than before - so adding to warming, which melts more ice and snow, and so on8.
Uncondensed
water vapour is actually a more important greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Although we aren't actually emitting much water vapour directly, as the planet warms, evaporation rates increase, raising humidity and thickening the Earth’s thermal blanket9, which in turn raises temperatures10, further increasing evaporation - etc11.
Normally, about half the CO2 emitted each year from human activities is re-absorbed by a combination of forests, plankton, and the ocean itself
12. But the ocean surface is becoming more and more acidic as concentrations of CO2 dissolved in it rise. At the same time the water temperature at the surface is also going up, forming a layer of warm, acidic water that is spreading across the ocean surface, killing off the plankton that lock CO2 out of the atmosphere13. Worse, warm water holds less CO2 than cold water14, so as it heats up it actually starts releasing some of the CO215 it had previously absorbed16.
Just like marine ecosystems, land-based eco-systems normally act as carbon sinks, taking carbon from the atmosphere and using it for growth. But as these eco-systems heat up, their balance is upset;
Up in Siberia, an area of frozen peat bog the size of France and Germany combined that we call
the permafrost is melting, and as it melts, it releases huge quantities of methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas with a short lifespan in the atmosphere - but while there it has a warming effect more than 20 times as powerful as carbon dioxide. The more methane is released, the more it adds to warming25, so the more the permafrost melts26, and the more methane is released…27
Unfortunately the arctic tundra is not the only place with large stores of frozen Methane. Lurking under the sea bed there may be as much as 10 trillion tons of Methane stored as frozen crystals at sites around the world. If we raise ocean temperatures by enough - and nobody knows how much is enough - we could trigger the
'Humanity' may survive this. But what will 'humanity' mean in a world where countries which remain habitable – like Britain – use most of our remaining resources fighting to keep out the starving millions who can
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